LALU PRASAD YADAV
Lalu Prasad Yadav (born 11 June 1948) is an Indian politician
from the state of Bihar. He was chief minister of Bihar from 1990 to 1997 and
Minister of Railways from 2004 to 2009 in the ruling United progressive
alliance (UPA) government. He is the President of the Rastriya janata dal
political party. He was a Member of Parliament of 15th lok sabha
from the Saran constituency in Bihar, but disqualified as MP owing to
conviction for his involvement in the 1996. FODDER SCAM
He entered politics
during his student days at PATNA UNIVERSITY,and he was elected a member of the
LOK SABHA in 1977 as a JANATA PARTY candidate. At the age of 29 he was one of
its youngest members of Parliament. Yadav became CHIEF MINISTER OF BIHAR in
1990 but resigned in 1997 following escalating corruption charges relating to
the FODDER SCAM.From 1997 to 2005, with brief interruptions, his wife RABRI
DEVI was the Chief Minister. Her political opponents often accused her as
having served as his "surrogate." His tenure as Chief Minister of the
state has been criticized for lawlessness and has been termed as the Jungle
Raj.
Many accusations have
been made about him citing him as an encourager of criminality and 'Gunda Raj'
in Bihar. He is known as a crowdpuller, shrewd
and colourful politician but has been criticized for
promoting and encouraging caste-based politics and there are several corruption
cases against him. On 3 October 2013, he was awarded a sentence of five years
of rigorous imprisonment and 25 lakh(US$40,000) fine for his role in the fodder scam.
Early life
Yadav was born in phulwaria,bihar
His father's name is Kundan Rai and mother's name Marachhiya Devi. He is the
2nd of his parent's six sons. He attended a local middle school before moving
to Patna with his elder brother. He studied bachelor of laws and a Master inpolitical
science from B. N. College, patna
university.After graduation, he got a job as clerk in Bihar Veterinary College,
Patna where his elder brother also worked as a peon. He turned down Patna
University's Honorary Doctorate in 2004.
Student politics and early career
Yadav entered in student
politics as General Secretary of the Patna University Students' Union (PUSU) in
1970 and became its president in 1973. In 1974, he joinedBIHAR MOVEMENT, a
student movement led by JAI PRAKASH NARAYANA(JP) against rising prices,
corruption and unemployment. PUSU formed Bihar Chhatra Sangharsh Samiti to
spearhead the agitation with Lalu Prasad Yadav as its president. During the
movement Yadav came close to JP and was nominated as janata party candidate
during 1977 lok sabha election from chapra.Janata Party formed the first
non-Congress government in the history of
the Republic of India and at the age of 29, Yadav became one of the
youngest members of the Indian Parliament at that time. Due to continuous
in-fighting and ideological differences Janata Party government fell and
parliament was dissolved leading to a re-election in 1980. He was inspired
ideology and practices of Jai Prakash Narayan and one of the father of
socialist movement in India, Raj Narain. He parted ways with Morarji Desai and
joined Janata Party-S led by Lokbandhu Raj Narain who was Janata Party-S president and
later became Chairman. Yadav lost the re-election
in 1980. However he successfully contested Bihar state election in 1980 and
became a member of Bihar Legislative
Assembly. During the period, Yadav rose in hierarchy and was
considered as one of the second-rung leaders. He was re-elected for Bihar
assembly in 1985. After the death of ex-Chief
Minister Karpuri Thakur,
Yadav became the leader of opposition Bihar assembly in 1989. Same year, he was
also elected for Lok Sabha under V. P. Singh government. By 1990, Yadav who
represented single largest castes of Yadav with 11.7% of the state population,
established himself as leader of lower castes. Muslims in Bihar on the other hand
had traditionally served as a Congress (I) vote bank, but after the 1989 Bhagalpur
violence, they shifted their loyalty to Yadav. In a span of 10 years, Yadav became a
formidable force in Bihar State politics, known for his popularity among the Muslim and Yadav voters.
Chief Minister of Bihar
In 1990, Janta party
came to power in Bihar. PM V. P. Singh wanted former Chief Minister Ram Sundar Das to lead the government. and Chandra Shekhar backed Raghunath Jha. To break deadlock deputy PM Devi Lal nominated Yadav as CM candidate. Yadav
was victorious in an internal poll of Janta Party MLS's and became the Chief
Minister. On 23 September 1990, Yadav arrested L K Advani at Samastipur during later's rath yatra to Ayodhya and presented himself as a secular
leader..The World Bank lauded his party for its work in the
1990s on the economic front. In 1993, Yadav adopted a pro-English
policy and pushed for the re-introduction of English as a language in school curriculum,
contrary to the angrezi hatao (banish English) policy of then Uttar Pradesh CM
Mulayam Singh Yadav,
another Yadav and caste based politician. Policy of opposition to English was
considered an anti-elite policy since both the Yadav leaders represented Dalit
and minority communities. With the help of Yadav-Muslim votes,
Lalu continued to be Bihar CM. In the Fodder Scam, Central
Bureau of Investigation (CBI) issued an arrest warrant for Yadav,
and he had to resign from CM's post. Subsequently he installed his wife Rabri Devi as Bihar CM.
Rashtriya Janata Dal
RJD Flag
Due to allegation
related to Fodder Scam, a leadership revolt surfaced in Janta Party. Yadav
broke away from Janta Party and formed a new political party Rashtriya Janata Dal
(RJD) in 5 July 1997,.According to Limca Book of Records,
in 2004 he was the longest serving president of an Indian political party. Except a brief President rule and 8
days term of Nitish Kumar, RJD
remained in power in Bihar till 2005. In November 2005 state
elections RJD won 54 seats putting less than both Janata Dal United (JDU) and
the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Nitish Kumar led coalition, consisting of JD(U) and BJP, came to power. In the 2010
elections, the RJD tally was reduced to just 22 seats whereas the ruling
alliance claimed a record 206 out of the 243 Assembly seats.
1998-2004
Yadav contested 1998 general
election from Madhepura
and became member of 12th Lok Sabha. However in 1999 general
election, he lost to Sharad Yadav even though Sharad Yadav had sat on
a hunger strike before the result claiming unfair election and asked for
re-poll. Izzn
2000, he again became member of Bihar assembly. RJD formed the government with Rabri
Devi as the CM. In 2002, Yadav was elected in Rajya Sabha. He remained member of RS till 2004.
Railway Minister
In 2004, Yadav contested
general election
from Chapra
and Madhepura against Rajiv Pratap Rudy
and Sharad Yadav respectively and won from both the seats. In total, RJD won 21 seats and it
allied with Indian National
Congress becoming 2nd largest member of UPA I
after Congress. Yadav became the railway minister
in the 2004 UPA Government. Later, he gave up the Madhepura seat.
As railway minister,
Yadav left passenger fares untouched and focused on other sources of revenue
for the Railways. He banned plastic cups from being used to serve tea at
railway stations and replaced those with kulhars (earthen cups), in order to generate more
employment in rural areas.Later, he also said that he had plans
to introduce buttermilk and khādī. In June 2004, he announced that he
would get on the railway himself to inspect its problems and went on to board
the Patna railway station at midnight. He introduced cushion seats in all
unreserved compartments.
When he took over, the
Indian Railways was a loss-making organization. In the four years under his
leadership, it showed a cumulative total profit of Rs.250 billion (US $5.2
billion). The turnaround of railways from a loss-making to a profit venture was
actually more of a cosmetic exercise. According to CAG, it was the new practice
of issuing a "statement of cash and investible surplus" that helped
Lalu project a rosy picture. In 2008, the profits shown were 25000 crore (US$4.0 billion). Schools of
management became interested in Yadav's leadership in managing the turnaround
(with more or less the same IAS officers and the same workforce who worked
under the previous ministers). The alleged turaround was introduced as a case
study by the prestigious Indian
Institute of Management. Yadav also received invitations from
eight Ivy League schools for lectures, and addressed
over a hundred students from Harvard, Wharton and others in Hindi.
In 2009, Yadav's
successor Mamata Banerjee
and the opposition parties alleged that the so-called turnaround of the
Railways during his tenure was merely a result of presenting financial statements
differently.] In 2011, a report by the Comptroller
and Auditor General (CAG) endorsed this view. CAG found that the
"surplus" shown on the financial statements during Yadav's tenure
covered "cash and investible surplus", which were not included in the
"net surplus" figures released by the Railways in the earlier years.
The "cash surplus" included the money available for paying dividend,
contribution to the Depreciation Reserve Fund used for renewal or replacement
of existing assets, and other funds for investment. The "investible
surplus" included the money allocated for capital expenditure.
The report concluded that the performance of the Railways actually declined
marginally during the last few years of Lalu's tenure. Earlier in August 2008, CNN-IBN had also alleged that Yadav had misused
his position as the Union Railway Minister to help his relatives acquire land.
2009-2013
In 2009 general
election RJD could only win 4 seats and provided outside support to Manmohan Singh government. In May 2012, Lalu Prasad Yadav
envisaged Hamid Ansari, currently the Vice-President, as a presidential
candidate. In May, 2013, Lalu Yadav tried to
rejuvenate the party and fuel the party workers in his Parivartan Rally. After the conviction in Fodder Scam
on 3 October 2013, Yadav lost his membership of Lok Sabha.
In 2014 general
election, Lalu Yadav's RJD again won a mere 4 seats. Desperate to
counter the rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party,
Lalu Yadav has been working on a merger of six parties to form a Janata
Parivar.
Corruption cases
Yadav has been charged
in several corruption cases,
Fodder Scam
In 1996, Yadav was
accused in the "Fodder Scam" in
which about Rs.9.50 billion (US $211.85 million) were siphoned off from
the animal husbandry department, albeit the probe itself was ordered by him. Several reports of alleged
embezzlement of money withdrawn from animal husbandry department were tabled
from 1990-95. In January 1996, a raid conducted on Chaibasa treasury indicated
the siphoning off of funds by non-existent companies. Yadav then ordered an
inquiry to probe the alleged irregularities. However, after a public interest
litigation, the Bihar High Court in March 1996 ordered the case
to be handed over to the CBI. In June 1997, CBI filed the charge
sheet in the case and made Yadav an accused. The fodder scam forced Yadav to
resign from the office of Chief Minister and he appointed his wife, Rabri Devi, his successor as the state's Chief
Minister. In 2001, Supreme Court transferred
the scam cases to newly formed Jharkhand and trial began in a special court in
Ranchi in 2002. In August 2013, Yadav tried to get the trial court judge
transferred, but his plea was rejected by Supreme Court of India. Yadav has
been an accused in many of the 53-odd cases filed. He has been remanded to
custody on multiple occasions because of the number of cases. Over 64 people
were convicted in the case. Yadav was first sent to
"Judicial remand" (Bihar Military Police guest house, Patna)
on 30 July 1997, for 134 days. On 28 October 1998, he was again sent
to the same guest house for 73 days. When the Supreme Court of India
took exception to his guest house stay, he had also moved to the Beur jail in
Patna. On 26 November 2001, Yadav was again remanded, in a case related to the
fodder scam.Yadav accused the NDA of creating a
conspiracy against him. On 1 October 2004, the Supreme Court of India
served a notice to Yadav and his wife, Rabri Devi, on the fodder scam. This was
in response to a petition which alleged that they have been interfering with
the investigation.
Conviction
Laloo Prasad Yadav,
along with 44 other accused, was convicted on 30 September 2013, by Central
Bureau of Investigation court at Ranchi, after found guilty in fraudulent
withdrawal of Rs.37 crores from Chaibasa treasury.Several other politicians, IAS
officers were also convicted in the case. Immediately after the verdict was
pronounced, Laloo Prasad Yadav was arrested and taken to Birsa Munda Central
Jail, located at Ranchi. Consequent upon his conviction, Mr.
Yadav stands disqualified as MP and he will not be eligible to contest public
election for next six years.He has been awarded a jail sentence
of five years and a fine of 25 lakh rupees.
Release
He was released from
Birsa Munda Central Jail, after he completed the bail formalities in a Special
CBI court, two-and-a-half months after he was convicted in a fodder scam case.
Disproportionate assets
In 1998, a disproportionate
assets case was registered against Yadav and Rabri Devi. In April 2000, both were made
co-assused in the charge-sheet and surrendered. While Rabri Devi got bail due
to being CM of Bihar, Yadav was remanded for 11 days and sent to the Beur Jail. Due to the proceedings in the fodder
scam, Yadav was remanded for a day in Beur jail on 28 November 2000. CBI failed
to prove them guilty and they were acquitted by a CBI court in 2006. Bihar
government wanted to appeal against the acquittal, but Supreme court in 2010
ruled that state government can not challenge such rulings.
Criticisms and controversies
Accusations against the BJP
On 5 August 2004, Yadav
claimed that L. K. Advani, a
senior BJP leader and the Leader of
the Opposition was an accused in a conspiracy to kill Muhammad Ali Jinnah
and described him as an 'international absconder'.
On 28 September 2004,
Yadav alleged Venkaiah Naidu, the
then Union Rural Minister, of having sold 55,000 tonnes of wheat in the group
of drought relief distribution in Andhara Pradesh. "A CBI probe will be
initiated to find the truth" he said.
Use of Osama bin Laden's look-alike
While campaigning for
Bihar elections in 2005, both Lalu Prasad Yadav and Ram Vilas Paswan used a look-alike of Osama bin Laden to woo Muslim voters. The look-alike
would dress like bin Laden, accompany them in their helicopter to various
election meetings, share the stage with them and make speeches that attacked
the United States for its alleged anti-Muslim activities. Pramod Mahajan, senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party,
had criticized both leaders for this by saying that they were "glorifying
the name of a man who is recognized as the most wanted terrorist in the
world."
Negative image
Lalu Prasad Yadav is one
of the first noted politicians to lose parliamentary seat on being arrested in
fodder scam as per Supreme Court decision banning convicted legislators to hold
their posts. Despite of several ongoing corruption
cases against him, he and his wife Rabdi Devi ruled Bihar state for 15 years, a
period during which every economic and social rankings of the state went to
lowest level when compared to other states of India.During his tenure as Chief Minister,
Bihar's law and order was at lowest, kidnapping was on rise and private armies
mushroomed.
Positions held
- 1977: Elected to the 6th Lok Sabha at the age of 29.
- 1980–1989: Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly (two terms).
- 1989: Becomes the leader of Opposition, Bihar Legislative Assembly, Chairman, Pustakalaya Committee, Convenor, Committee on Public Undertakings. Re-elected to the 9th Lok Sabha (2nd term).
- 1990–1995: Member of the Bihar Legislative Council.
Yadav together with Ram Vilas Paswan and Amar Singh
at a party rally in Mumbai during the 2009 general
elections.
- 1990–1997: Chief Minister of Bihar.
- 1995–1998: Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly.
- 1996: Lalu's name springs up in a major scam.
- 1997: parts with the Janata Dal and forms the Rashtriya Janata Dal.
- 1998: Re-elected to 12th Lok Sabha (3rd term).
- 1998–1999: Member, General Purposes Committee, Committee on Home Affairs and its Sub Committee on Swatantrata Sainik Samman Pension Scheme, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
- 2004: Re-elected to the 14th Lok Sabha (4th term). Appointed Cabinet Minister in the Ministry of Railways. In 2004, he was elected to the Lok Sabha with his party emerging as a key member of the UPA (United Peoples' Alliance).
- 2009: Re-elected to the 15th Lok Sabha (5th term).
Personal life
Yadav married Rabri Devi on 1 June 1973, in a traditional
match arranged by their parents. Although India had endorsed family
planning a decade ago, people are shocked that Laloo has fathered nine
children,despite being a leader. The two sons and seven daughters,
being:
- Tej Pratap Yadav, elder son
- Tejashwi Yadav, younger son, a budding cricketer
- Misa Bharati Devi, eldest daughter, married in 1999 to Shailesh Kumar, a software engineer
- Rohini Devi, second daughter, married in May 2002 to Rao Samaresh Singh, a US-based computer engineer, son of Rao Ranvijay Singh of Arwal-Daudnagar
- Chanda Singh, third daughter, married to Vikram Singh, and pilot with Indian Airlines, in 2006
- Ragini Yadav, fourth daughter, married to Rahul Yadav, son of Jitendra Yadav, SP MLA from Ghaziabad, now a Congress party member
- Hema Yadav, fifth daughter, married to Vineet Yadav, scion of a political family
- Dhannu (aka Anushka Rao), sixth daughter, married to Chiranjeev Rao, son of Rao Ajit Singh of the INLD, sometime power minister in the Haryana government, and a scion of the lineage of Rao Tula Ram
- Rajlaxmi Singh, youngest daughter, married to Tej Pratap Singh, MP from Mainpuri and grand-nephew of Mulayam Singh Yadav
Biography
Sankarshan Thakur is author of a book based on
his life titled The Making of Laloo Yadav, The Unmaking of Bihar; the
book was later updated and reprinted by PicadorIndia under the title
"Subaltern Sahib: Bihar and the Making of Laloo Yadav".
In popular culture
Yadav has a sizable fan
following in Bollywood. Actor-turned-politician Shatrughan Sinha, who is a political opponent of
Yadav, once said, "Had Yadav not been a politician he could have been an
actor". Director Mahesh Bhatt has also gone to the extent of
saying that he deserves to become Prime Minister of India. He also mimicked by
various comedians like Shekhar Suman and Johnny Lever. A Bollywood film titled Padmashree
Laloo Prasad Yadav was released in 2004. Though his name
appeared in the title, the movie was not about him, but had characters named Padmashreee,
Laloo, Prasad and Yadav, however the politician made a
guest appearance in it. The Canadian
Broadcasting Corporation has produced a four-hour-long documentary India
Rising in 2007 featuring Indians from various fields and Yadav, the only
politician in the documentary, discusses the turnaround of Indian Railways.
No comments:
Post a Comment